Tips for Transplanting Trees and Shrubs
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Early spring is a great time for transplanting trees and shrubs, but you must
do so before they wake up. Transplanting a plant is a very traumatic experience
for the plant if it is awake. It’s like doing surgery on a person while
they are awake.
Dormancy starts in the fall as soon as you experience a good hard freeze,
and the plants remain dormant until the weather warms up in the spring. This
is when you should transplant, while the plants are dormant. You can transplant
in the spring up until the plants leaf out. When the buds are green and swollen
you are usually safe to still transplant, but once the leaf develops, you should
wait until fall.
When transplanting you can dig the shrubs out bare root, just make sure they
are out of the ground for as short a time as possible, and keep the roots damp
while out of the ground. Make sure there are no air pockets around the roots
when you replant them. When possible, it is always better to dig a ball of
earth with the plants when you transplant them.
The rule of thumb is 12" of root ball for every 1" of stem caliper.
If the diameter of the stem of a tree is 2", then you should dig a root
ball 24" in diameter.
Don’t be afraid of cutting a few roots when you transplant. Just try
not to cut them any shorter than the above guidelines allow. Cutting the roots
will actually help to reinvigorate the plant. It’s a process simply known
as root pruning.
When the roots are severed, the plant then develops lateral roots to make
up for what is lost. These lateral roots are more fibrous in nature, and have
more ability to pick up water and nutrients. Some nurseries drive tractors
over the plants in the field with a device that under cuts the roots of the
plant just to force the plant to develop more fibrous roots. This make transplanting
the plant the following year much more successful, and makes for a stronger
and healthier plant.
The old timers root pruned by hand by forcing a spade in the ground around
their plants. If you have a plant in your landscape that is doing poorly, a
little root pruning while the plant is dormant could bring it around. It’s
worth the effort. |
